Facts—Taxpayers and voters of Jefferson County, Alabama, challenged the apportionment of the Alabama legislature, the most recent of which was based on the 1900 federal census despite the requirement of the state constitution that the legislature be apportioned decennially. As…

Facts—Qualified voters of Georgia’s Fifth Congressional District brought action to set aside a Georgia statute establishing congressional districts. The population of the Fifth District was two to three times greater than that of some other congressional districts in the state.…

Facts—In 1957, the Alabama state legislature passed Local Act No. 140 changing the boundaries of Tuskegee from a square to a twenty-eight-sided figure. This virtually excluded African Americans from being able to vote in city elections. A number of blacks…

Facts—Lonnie E. Smith, an African American citizen of Texas, sued for damages for the refusal of election and associate election judges to give him a ballot to vote in the primary election of July 27, 1940, for the nomination of…

Facts—In Louisiana, a primary election to nominate a party candidate for representative in Congress was conducted at public expense and regulated by state statute. Candidates to be voted on in the general election were restricted to primary nominees, to persons,…

Facts—The African American petitioner brought this action against judges of a primary election in Texas for their refusal to allow him to vote by reason of his race or color. This was the second time Nixon had been denied the…

Facts—In 1910 Oklahoma amended its constitution with a “grandfather” clause that prohibited individuals who could not read or write from voting unless they were descendants of individuals who had been so entitled. African American citizens of Oklahoma charged that the…

Facts—Yarbrough and others were convicted in a federal court for having conspired to intimidate a black person from voting for a member of Congress, in violation of the federal statutes. Question—May Congress punish violations of election laws under the Constitution?…